DOCTOR AND COMMUNITY (C.M. I)
Course NO. : 1.2.1
Course Duration : 2 weeks .
Level OF Students : First year .
Coordinator
Co-coordinator:Dr. Mansoor.
Date: Start on the 15th of Oct. to 26th of Oct.2000
1- Rationale and general objectives: -
Doctor and community is a course given as a part of the community medicine, which runs
longitudinally through the whole of the medical curriculum. Much of the details of the course
are picked] up in other parts of the curriculum.
The aim of this course is to provide the student with basic knowledge and skills in Medical Sociology and Social Psychology as other aspects of health. It, therefore, focuses on the relation of medical practice to social, economic, practical, psychological and cultural environment of the patients.
Understanding this, the student should develop the skill of communication with patients and their relatives and to equip himself with sound knowledge , skill and attitude to gain the confidence of patients.
At the end there are laws governing the conduct of the doctor. The laws are termed ‘Medical ETHICS’ and it is important for the student and practicing doctor to learn it and conform to these rules.
2- Specific Objectives: -
2.1. Understand the environmental social and cultural aspects of health.
2.2. Identify the community through his study of the existing health and social institutions, and their role in patient management.
2.3. Define family, community, urban, suburban and rural areas and societies.
2.4. Discuss the role of traditions, family, and marriage in Yemen and their relation to illness.
2.5. Develop skill in communicating with patients and relatives.
2.6. Develop the skill of taking good history.
2.7. Understand the basis of social psychology in: -
2.8. Identify those working in the medical field and their job description (Director of health services, hospital administrator, treating doctor, medical assistant, midwives, etc.
2.9. Define Medical Ethics and the laws regulating the medical profession; Arabic laws, Hippocrate law, Geneva declaration and laws of the Yemen Medical Council.
3- Instructional methods :
- Lectures ………………………………………………..18hrs.
- Group discussion ………………………………………..8hrs.
- Tutorials ………………………………………………...4hrs.
- Field visits ………………………………………………6hrs.
Total………….………………………………………..36+4hrs in hand .
4- Resources :-
4.1. Texts :
- Texts book of community medicine .
- Texts book of medical sociology .
- Texts book of medical psychology .
4.2. Learning materials :
- Audio – visuals .
5- Disciplines :
- community medicine .
- Sociology .
- Psychology .
- Economics rural development .
6- Evaluation :-
- Attendance and performance .
- Peer evaluation .
- Essay – long – short
Introduction to medicine and study of medicine
COURSE NO. 1.1.1
COURSE DURATION: 2 Weeks
LEVEL OF STUDETNS : First year
COORDINATOR: -
CO – COORDINATOR: -
Student Coordinator:-Dr. Fuad Al Yosufy
1- Rationale: -
This course is intended to give the students brief history of the evolution of modern medicine and the history of medical service in Yemen.
As the students after graduation are expected to practice medicine by joining the government health services, therefore, they require to know the health system as a whole and in Taiz province in particular.
This course also familiarizes the students with the educational methods which the faculty is adopting.
2- General Objectives: -
The main objectives of this course are: -
2.1. To give the students brief summary of the history of medicine and the health delivery system in Yemen.
2.2. To introduce the students to the faculty facilities and staff and the system of education.
3- Specific Objectives: -
By the end of this course the students should be able to: -
3.1. Discuss the steps of evolution of modern medicine.
3.2. Identify the various faculty departments and staff members.
3.3. Explain his / her views about the system of education adopted by the faculty.
3.4. Collect information and data about the health system in Yemen and Taiz
province.
3.5. Explain the general concept of health.
4 – Instructional methods :-
4.1. Lectures ……………………………………..12hrs.
4.2. Tutorials……………………………………..4hrs.
4.3. Group discussion . …………………………...8hrs.
4.4. Student seminar ………………………….…10hrs.
4.5 Visits ……………………………………..….4hrs.
Total………………………………………………..38+ 2hrs in hand.
5- Disciplines:-
- History of Medicine.
- Community Medicine.
6- Resources :-
Texts .
* Medical education ( periodicals ).
* WHO Reports .
* Handouts by the faculty .
7- Evaluation :-
6.1. Essays – long - short .
6.2. Reports .
6.3. Peer evaluation .
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMETN AND AGING.
COURSE NO. : 1.2.3
COURSE DURATION : 4 weeks .
LEVEL OF STUDENTS : First year .
COORDINATOR
CO-COORDINATIO
1- Rationale: -
Life continues in all livings by reproduction and Reproduction in Man starts with fertilization of the ovum by the sperm to form the zygote which settles in the uterus and continues its division till it forms the embryo and lately organs appear forming the foetus.
" ولقد خلقنا الإنسان من سلالة من طين . ثم جعلناه نطفة في قرار مكين . ثم خلقنا النطفة علقه فخلقنا العلقه مضغة فخلقنا المضغة عظاماً فكسونا العظام لحماً ثم أنشأناه خلقاً أخر فتبارك الله أحسن الخالقين"
All these changes occur inside the uterus till delivery then starts a new life (extra uterine) as neonate. Then, infancy , childhood, adolescence, puberty and old age.
During this process of development lots of changes, anatomical, physiological and psychological occur there. Changes are affected positively or negatively by many factors whether congenital or acquired external, or internal.
By the end of this course the student is expected to understand the anatomy, and physiology of the reproductive organs of males and females in general, and the development of the embryo till puberty and old age with all the developmental, physiological and behavioral changes which appear during this period.
The student is also expected to understand the problems of development and the need for health care during all stages.
3- Specific Objectives: -
3.1. Identify the reproductive anatomical structure of organs in male and female.
3.2. Discuss the fundamental of ovulation and fertilization and spermatogenesis and
oogenesis and embedding of ovum .
3.3. Describe the normal development of the three germinal layers (Ectoderm, Endoderm,
Mesoderm).
3.4. Describe the normal development of the foetal membranes and placenta.
3.5. Describe the main organs produced from the three germinal layers.
- Neuromuscular, brain, limbs sensory organs.
- Cardiovascular and respiratory.
- Gastrointestinal and live0r.
3.6. Take relevant personal gynecological and obstetrical history regarding:
3.7. Describe the landmarks and measurements of female pelvis to know the different
types and its obstetrical importance.
3.8. Discuss the factors that affect the intrauterine development like infection, hypertension,
diabetes and the nutritional state of mother and embryo.
3.9. Discuss the nutritional needs of the embryo.
3.10. Define the three stages of labor in general .
3.11. Identify the endocrine glands in dissected body.
3.12. Discuss in general the relation between the Hypothalamus ,pituitary hormones ovarian
hormones and internal reproductive organs of woman during menstruation and pregnancy.
3.13. Discuss the genetic factors that affect organ developments.
3.14. Describe the structural and physiological changes in foetal circulation, which appear
immediately after delivery.
3.15.Discuss the causes and effects of hypoxia on the foetus.
3.16. Define and diagnose prematurity and post maturity.
3.17.Measure the following in a neonate:
Height from vault to ankle.
The weight.
Head circumference.
3.18. Define the state of the neonate by Apgar Score.
3.19. Define birth rate, maternal mortality perinatal mortality, infant mortality rate.
3.20. List causes of infant and child mortality and discuss the means of reducing that.
3.21. Describe and differentiate the changes during puberty in both sexes.
3.22. Discuss the relation between hormones and secondary sexual characteristics.
3.23. Identify and list the health needs during different stages of development.
3.24. Define and discuss the changes related to aging, e.g., atherosclerosis, dementia.
3.25. Stress the importance of biostatistics in promotion of health.
3.26. Draw the normal percentile curve from neonatal period to adolescence for general growth
of CNS, sex organs and lymphoid tissue.
4- Instructional methods :
- Lectures …………………………………….. 54 hrs.
- Seminars ………………………………………4 hrs.
- Tutorials ………………………………….. ….5 hrs.
- Group discussions …………………………… 4 hrs.
- Problem solving sessions ……………………..5 hrs.
- Clinical vsits ………………………………….6 hrs.
- Reports …………………………………….... 2 hrs.
Total : ………………………………………. 80 hrs.
5- Disciplines:-
- Anatomy
- Embryology
- Physiology
- Obs. & Gynecology.
- Paediatric.
- Community medicine.
6 - Resources :
6.1. Texts :
- Clinical anatomy .H. Ellis.
- Human embryology.
- Companion to medical studies.
- Text book and obst . And Gynae .
- Text book of paediatrics .
6.2. Learning materials:
- Audio – visuals
- Dissection room.
- Models.
- Basic skills lab.
7- Evaluation :-
- Essays – long – short.
- MCQS.
- OSPE.
- Reports.
- Attendance and performance.
Course title: Principles of drug therapy
Course NO.: 2.4.1
Course Duration: 2 weeks
Student Level: second year
Coordinator
Co-coordinator
1- Rationale:
Prescribing a wrong drug or route administration can be very serious and lead to complications and even death. The mechanism of action of drugs, route of administration and mechanism should be well known to treating doctor.
2- General Objectives: -
The aim of this course is to help the student to acquire basic knowledge in pharmacology; so let the student prescribe drugs safely.
3- Specific Objectives: -
By the end of this course the student should be able to: -
- Order of reaction
- Bioavailability
- Plasma concentration and pharmacological effect , e.g Toxicity .
- Passage of drugs across cell membranes.
- Absorption, distribution, metabolism of drugs and factors
associated with each process.
- Routes of administration, advantages, disadvantages of each
route.
- Individual and biological variation.
4- Instructional Methods: -
- Lectures.
- Tutorials.
- Seminars.
- Practicals.
- Problems.
5- Resources: -
5.1. Texts:
- Textbook of Pharmacology.
- Handouts by Faculty.
5.2. Learning Materials :
- Audio-Visuals.
- Pharmacy Labs.
6- Evaluations:
- MCQS
- Essays – long – short.
1- General Embryology(Human development).
- 4 weeks course, 3hrs /week (Total 3×4 wks.=12 hours)
Subjects:
1- Outline male and female reproductive organs, spermatogenesis.
2- Oogenesis, ovarian, menstrual and uterine cycles.
3- Graafian follicle, ovalation corpus luteum. Hormanal control.
4- Fertilization, process and sites, determination of sex, morula, blastocyst, implantation process and sites.
5- Differentiation of inner cell mass, formation of germinal layers.
6- Bilaminar germ disc, primitive streak, notochord, somites.
7- Folding and development of external form of embryo, result of folding .
8- Growth of embryo, derivatives of germinal layers.
9- Development of fetal membranes (amnion, yolk sac, allantois, connecting stalk).
10- Umbilical cord, trophoblast, chorionic villi, decidua.
11- Chorion, placenta and its physiology, parturition, twins, the external features of the embryo.
COMPUTER AND HEALTH STATISTICS (C.M. II)
COURSE NO. : 1.2.2
COURSE DURATION : 3 weeks .
LEVEL OF STUDENTS : First year .
COORDINATOR
CO-COORDINATOR
1-Rationale: -
Computer and health statistics is a course given as a part of the community medicine, which runs longitudinally through the whole of the medical curriculum. Much of the details of the course are picked up in other parts of the curriculum.
A knowledge of statistics is required to define health problems at international and regional levels.
Statistical data is important in epidemiology and in the organization, planning, delivery and evaluation of health services. The computer facilitated much the work of the statisticians.
This course is intended to stress the role of statistics in community health and study of diseases. It also shows how the computer facilitated the study and application of statistics.
3-Specific objectives: -
By the end of this course, the student should be able to: -
3.1. Discuss the history of computer science and the fundamental elements of computer.
3.2. Describe the input units, output units and storage units.
3.3. Describe the operating system – software system.
3.4. Discuss the application of software test editors.
3.5. Programme language.
3.6. Use the internet connections as abase of information in medical and health services.
3.7. Use the computer as a multi-media in medical education .
3.8. Define biostatistics and health statistics, Introduction and presentation of data, and the importance of health information system.
3.9. Collect data on health and diseases and correctly present these data in the form
of tables, graphs, charts, diagrams …. etc and interpret them.
3.10. Use these collected data in the determination of community health needs according to their priorities.
3.11. Define the measures of central tendency (mean, median and mode). Compute
these measures and discuss their significance.
3.12. Define and compute the measures of dispersion (range, standard, deviation,
Centiles, standard error ) .
3.13. Measures of normal distribution and the use of 2- test, chi-square test and student’s t-test in determining the significance of qualitative data.
3.14. Define and compute the measures of disease frequency in human population
(incidence, prevalence, attack rate, etc) and discuss their use.
4- Instructional methods :
1- Lectures ………………… 40 hrs.
2- Tutorials ………………… 8 hrs.
3- Practicals . ………………. 20 hrs.
4- Problems ………………… 12 hrs.
Total : ……………………... 80 hrs.
5- Resources :
5.1. Texts :
- Text book or manual of health statistics .
- Hand out by faculty .
5.2. Learning materials :
- Audio visuals .
- Computers .
6- Disciplines:
- Statistics and population studies .
- Community Medicine .
- Computer science .
7- Evaluation :
- Attendance and performance .
- Problem solving .
- Essays – long – short .
- Reports .
COURSE TITLE : Basic Epidemology and Medical Demography (C.M. III) .
COURSE NO. : 1.2.3.
COURSE DURATION : 2 weeks .
LEVEL OF STUDENTS : First year .
COORDINATOR
CO-COORDINATOR
1-Rationale: -
The public health is a branch of community medicine that concerned with health and disease in population. To practice this speciality requires a full knowledge about the distribution, determinants and control of disease or health related status and events in population which is studied in the contents of epidemiology and medical demography.
2. General objectives:-
By the end of this course, the student will acquire a full knowledge about the factors that influence the distribution of diseases in population and the methods used in analysing the determinants that participate in the incidence and distribution of diseases.
3-Specific objectives: -
3.1 Define epidemiology and discuss its aims and uses in the study of health and diseases.
3.2 Discuss the concept of sampling and describe the various sampling techniques.
3.3 Define and compute the measures of disease frequency in human population ( idence, prevalence, attack rate, risk factor, morbidity, mortality)
3.4 Describe screening in the detection of diseases, Discuss association and causation.
3.5 Measure and describe the health status of the population ( of Yemen ) through the use of appropriate vital rates.
3.6 Describe the population of the country in terms of its composition by age and sex ( population dynamics ) and discuss the differences in composition between developing developed countries.
3.7 Identify the common measurements of population composition and indicators of change, e.g.
fertility, deaths, marriage, immigration ……etc.
3.8 Describe prevention and control of diseases .
3.9 Discuss epidemiology of infections disease, especially those diseases that communicable and endemic in Yemen ( like, malaria , onchocerciasis , schistosomiasis, viral hepatitis, food poisoning …etc).
3.10 Discuss epidemiology of chronic diseases ( coronary heart diseases, hypertension, cancer, diabetes mellitus…etc).
4- Instructional methods :
1-Lectures ………………… 20 hrs.
2-Tutorials …………………4 hrs.
3-Practical . ………………. 8 hrs.
4-Problems ………………… 6 hrs.
Total : ……………………... 38 hrs.
5- Resources :
5.1. Texts :
- Text book or manual of epidemiology and public health .
- Hand out by faculty .
5.2. Learning materials :
- Audio visuals .
- Computers .
6- Disciplines:
- Epidemiology and population studes .
- Demographic Medicine .
7- Evaluation :
- Attendance and performance .
- Problem solving .
- Essays – long – short .
- Reports .
- Practical .
Faculty of Medicine, Taiz University
Department of Community Medicine
Proposed curriculum for Community Medicine (first year):
1- Medical Demoflraolzv second (second year).
- Sources of demographic information.
- Census, Population pyramid in developed and developing cuntries with Yemeni
- example. ,
- Life expectancy
- Fertility motives and fertility indices.
- Population growth and over population problem, managements.
- Indicator of health (morbidity, mortality).
2- Medical Statistics (first fear) :
- Introduction for biostatistics, types of variables.
- Data presentation.
- Normal distribution and skewed distribution.
- Measures of central tendency ( mean, mode, median, mid rang)
- Measures of dispersion (spread) (variance - SD- range - interquartile, ...)
- inferential statistics.
- Tests for comparison between two means (student t test)
- Test of significance chi square, p value.
- Correlation test (r test)
- Introduction to f test, regression.
- Steps for study research.
3- Environmental health (first fear):
- Ecology definition, types, major challenges for epidemiologist.
- Air in home and community (indoor and out door pollutions)
- Drinking water (Source - standard - purification, disease transmitted)
- Liquid waste (sewage system - treatment and economic importance - water
- pollution regulations)
- Solid waste (Refuse disposal - treatment and economic importance)
- Electromagnetic radiation (Sources, benefits and hazards)
- Occupational health problems for physical environment
- Occupational health problems from chemical environment.
4- Epidemiology and research methodology (second year)
- Baisic concepts :- definitions (communicable - infection)
- Disease Frequncy (Measures of disease frequency [incidence, prevalence])
- Diseased determinant
- Epidemiological triangle
a. Agent (factors determine disease occurrence)
b. Host (factors determine diseases occurrence) case - carriers types, foci of
c. Infection - immunity ,
d. Environment -animal reservoir - zoonotic diseases
- Spread of infectious diseases (epidemic - )
- General rules for prevention (vaccination schedule in Yemen)
- General rules for control
- Steps for Survey.
- Design strategies in epidemiological research (Descriptive and analytic studies)
- Types of descriptive epidemiological studies (correlation studies - case reportcase
- series - surveys and hypothesis formulation)
- Case control (issues in design, analysis and interpretation)
- Cohort studies (issues in design, analysis and interpretation)
- Intervention studies (issues in design, analysis and interpretation)
- Evaluation of valid association and cause effect relationship
- Confounders, bias - control
5- Primary health care (PHC) :-
- Study concept of PHC (Alma Ata Essential elements)
- Community needs and role of community in PHC
- PHC service providers, job description (Health office services - inspection of
- environment)
- Family Medicine - referral system - outreach programs
- Preventive aspect of PHC and curative aspects
- Maternal health services(Premarital- Conceptional, interconceptionalcare- at
- risk approach)
- Child health services - immunization (ARl, EPI, IMCI)
- Nutrition and food promotion
- Family planning
- Health education
- School health services
- Rural health (team - problems - services provided)
introduction to cytology –Relation of cytology to medical sciences- Tools used in cytology – Difference between light and electron microscope – Difference between prokaryotypes and eukaryotypes- Definition of an organelle and inclusion- Structural organization of the cell.
1) The cell membrane:
Physio-chemical properties –Definition of unit membrane “trilaminar structure” – Electron microscope structure –chemical composition and function.
2) Endoplasmic reticulum : (E.R.)
Types of E.R. – Electron microscope structure – function.
3) Ribosomes:
Occurrence –Electron microscope structure – Polysomes- Chemical composition, function.
4) The Golgi Complex:
Occurrence- Light and electron microscope structure, function
5) Lysosomes:
Definition, electron microscope structure – Chemical composition, phagoctosis.
6) Mitochondria:
Definition. Light and electron microscope structure – Chemical composition and function.
7) Centriole:
Definition, light and electron microscope structure- Role in cell division
8) Cilia and Flagella.
Definition, light and electron microscope structure- function.
Definition, structure – Nuclear membrance – Chromatin - chromosomes – Chemical composition – Role in protein synthesis.
Nucleolus: structure, chemical composition, function.
II. Cytogenetics:
Definition- The mechanism of inheritance – Mitosis – Crossing over and genetic recombination.
Karyotyping: definition, application- Sex – chromatin, its significance – Non – disjunction in relation to chromosome.
Chromosomal abnormalities:
i) Autosomal abnormalities :
Trisomy 21: Down’s Syndrome.
Trisomy 18: Edward’s Syndrome.
Trisomy 13: Patau’s Syndrome.
ii) Abnormalities of sex chromosomes:
Klienfelter’s Syndrome.
Turner’s Syndrome.
Triple X- females.
Deletion “:cri du chat” Syndrome .- Inversion – Translocation.
Incidence of chromosomal abnormalities:
Physical – chemical – Biological mutagens
III. Histology :
Introduction to histology –Relation of histology to other medical sciences – The four different tissues in the body.
Classification – Definition of each type – localization- Glandular classification – Different types of glands – different types of secretion – Neuro epithelium – Function of epithelial tissues.
classification – Structure: cells, fibers, matrix.
i)Connective tissue proper:
Types: areolar, yellow elastic, white collagenous, adipose, mucoid, reticular. Function.
ii) Cartilage:
Types: Hyaline , elastic-fibro cartilage, white fibro cartilage .
Structure: bone cells, matrix.
iii) Bone :
Types: compact, cancellous.
Structure: bone cells, matrix.
Function- Differences between cartilage and bone.
Types: smooth, skeletal, cardiac.
General characteristics of muscles.
Definition of each type:
Structure – Localization - Function.
Differences between the three types of muscles.
Definition of nervous system: C.N.S., P.N.S.
The neuron: Structure, types .
General characteristics of a nerve cell.
Nerve ganglia: spinal sympathetic – The synapse.
The neuroglia: Types, function .
Nerve endings: receptors, effectors.
Practical Classes
1. Epithelial tissue: different types.
2. Connective tissue:
Connective tissue proper: types.
Cartilage: types.
Bone: structure of compact bone (T.S, L.S.).
3. Muscular tissue:
Smooth muscle (T.S.)
Skeletal muscle (T.S.)
Cardiac muscle (T.S.)
4. Nerve tissue:
Structure of a neuron .
Sciatic nerve (T.S.)
Spinal cord (T.S.)
ILLUSRATIVE PRACTICAL CLASS (HISTOLOGY)
Projection of different transparencies, including electron microscope structure of different cell organelles and the four different types of tissues.
COURSES OFFERED FOR FIRST YEAR:
BASIC BIOCHEMISTRY:
Forty eight hours, four hours a week for 12 weeks:
1. BASIC BIOCHEMISTRY OF CARBOHYDRATES:
THEORY:
Introduction, definition, cell conistituents, chemical constituents of living cells.
Classification of carbohydrates:
Monosaccharides: simple sugar units ( aldose and ketose ). They are classified according
to the number of carbon atoms to trioses, tetrosis, pentosis, hexoses, heptosis and nonoses.
Structure of monosaccharides, cyclic and acyclic forms; isomers, epimers, enantiomers, anomers, anomeric carbon.
Monosaccharides of biological importance :
intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism.
2. Tetrosis : Erythrose.
all living cell.
Properties of monosaccharides :
Configuration, cyclic structure and mutarotation.
1. Properties of OH group : Formation of esters ; action of acids on sugars;
action of alkalis on sugars.
2. Properties of carbonyl group : reduction ( alcohol sugars ) ; oxidation
( sugar acids ).
3. Sugars as reducing agents.
4.Oxidation-reduction reactions.
Monosaccharides derivatives of biological importance :
important in absorption of calcium ions and as a lipotropic factors.
Glycosides : compounds containing a carbohydrate part and a noncarbohydrate part
( aglycone ) or they are monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds. They
are involve :
Disaccharides: sucrose, lactose and maltose, structure and importance.
Trisaccharides : raffinose.
Oligosaccharides: contin from 3 to 12 monosaccharides units, found in lipoproteins.
Polysaccharides: Structure in relation to function, contain more than 12 monosaccharides
and include starch, glycogen and cellulose; their formula and importance for the body.
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM :
Digestion of carbohydrate ; in the mouth and intestine.
Absorption : passive diffusion ; active transport.
Entrance of glucose to the cells: Facilitated transport; contransport.
Terminology : Hyperglycemia; hypoglycemia; glucosuria; glycogenesis ;
gycolysis ; gluconeogenesis.
Fate of absorbed sugar in the liver.
Glucose oxidation (glycolysis) and energy yield :
Priming stage; splitting stage; oxidoreduction phosphorylation stage.
Pyruvate formation, then glycolysis go in one of the following direction:
Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic acid to acetyl – coA.
Reactions steps involved in Kreb's cycle with references to enzymes and
co-enzymes required for each step.
Link between proteins ( glucogenic amino acids ), carbohydrate, and lipid
metabolism.
Significance of Kreb's cycle.
Energy yield from complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose.
Glucogenesis and glycogenolysis in liver and muscles with special references
to enzymes and hormonal control ( effect of adrenaline and insulin ).
Differences between liver and muscle glycogen.
Glucogenesis, importance, metabolism, sources of control.
Role of the liver in carbohydrate metabolism and energy for muscle contraction.
Blood glucose : sources, removal, factors affecting blood glucose level
(tissue and hormonal ). Metabolic changes occurring in diabetes mellitus.
Reducing sugars; diagnosis of diabetes mellitus ( urine and blood glucose ).
11. CHEMISTRY OF AMINO ACIDS, NUCLEIC ACIDS AND PROTEINS:
Proteins, definition, presence in nature, their importance.
General composition.
AMINO ACIDS:
Their classification to: Amino acids with non polar side chains; amino acids with
uncharged polar side chains; amino acids with basic side chains; amino acids with
acidic side chains. Amino acid subclasses and their structure; aliphatic, hydroxyl,
sulphur containing aromatic and heterocyclic amino acids. Disulfide bond.
Physical properties of amino acids: as solubility, taste, optical activity and special
configuration as D & L-amino acids; ionization of amino acids.
Chemical properties of amino acids: Amphoterism, zwitter ion and isoelectric point.
Reactions due to different amino acid side chain groups. Condensation of amino acids
and formation of peptides and their inter chain-forces.
Peptide bond and its properties; hydrogen bond ; hydrophobic interactions and ionic
interactions.
Non-covalent bonding in proteins:
Folding of the polypeptide chains; naming of peptide.
Molecular Structure of protein:
Fibrous, globular, primary, secondary ( α- helix and β-pleated sheets ), tertiary
and quaternary structures.
Properties of Proteins:
Molecular size, colloidal property, reactions of proteins, amphoterism, zwitter ion,
isoelectric point; lectrophoresis and denaturation of proteins.
Colour reactions of proteins-precipitation reactions of proteins. Action of acids
and alkalis on proteins.
Classification of Proteins:
Simple, compound and derived proteins giving their subclasses and their specific
properties.
Biological function of proteins.
Nucloproteins:
DNA, RNA and their general structures-nucleic acids; purine and pyrimidine bases
with their structures and their oxidation products; the nucleosides, nucleotides.
PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDS METABOLISM:
Digestion and absorption of proteins, essential and non-essential amino acids ;
nitrogen balance ; amino acid pool ; general metabolic reactions of proteins;
fate of ammonia ; fate of keto acids.
Protein biosynthesis ; formation of NPN compounds ( creatine and creatinine);
formation of porphyrins; sulphur metabolism; oxidative deamination and fate
of ammonia and urea cycle.
Special Metabolic Pathway of Amino Acids:
Glycine ; sulphur-containing amino acids (cysteine, cystine and methionine).
Phenylalanine ; tyrosine ; tryptophane ; histidine ; basic amino acids
(arginine and lysine); acidic amino acids ( glutamic acid and aspartic acid ).
Metabolism of Nucleoproteins:
Digestion and absorption ; synthesis of purine ring ; catabolism of purines
and pyrimidines ; Gout.
111. LIPIDS:
Introduction ; Importance of lipids; classification of lipids:
Fatty acids: saturated, unsaturated, common name; essential fatty acids; short,
medium and long chain fatty acids.
Triacylglycerol / Triglycerides ( natural fats ): Simple and mixed triacylglycerols.
Phospholipids : Glycerophospholipids; function of phospholipids; phospholipids
of membrane : phosphatidyl ( choline; ethanolamine and serine ); micelles formation.
lecithine, cephalins,
Sphingolipids : sphingomylins, glycolipids, cerebrosides, gangliosides ( GM2 ) &
GM3 ).
Steroids : cholesterol, vitamine D3, cortisol, aldosterone; testosterone, progesterone,
estradiol,
Bile acids and bile salts formation.
Keton bodies formation.
Lipoproteins: chylomicrons; LDL; VLDL and HDL.
Apolipoproteins.
LIPID METABOLISM:
Regulation of lipogenesis; exogenous lipid pathways; chylomicron metabolism.
Catabolism and anabolism; fatty acid activation; beta oxidation; carnitine shuttle.
Biosynthesis of glycerides.
Biosynthesis of phospholipids; degradation of phospholipids.
Metabolism of essential and nonessential fatty acids.
Metabolism of cholesterol.
Oxidation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids ( odd and even chain ).
Energy calculation.
1V. ENZYMES:
Introduction; nomenclature ( recommended and systemic names ); definition
of enzymes, catalyst, substrate and turnover number, Simple protein enzymes.
Compound protein enzymes.
prosthetic group and cofactors as metal ions and coenzymes.
Classification of enzymes : Oxidoreductase; transferase ; hydrolase ; lyases ;
isomerases and ligases.
Properties of enzymes: Active sites; catalytic efficiency; specificity; cofactors.
Mechanism of enzyme action ; energy changes during the reaction ; free energy
of activation ; rate of reaction; alternate reaction pathway.
Factors affecting the rate of enzyme action : ( effect of substrate concentration ;
cofactors ; temperatures; pH; time and other factors ).
Chemistry of the active site.
Intracellular enzymes and extra cellular enzymes ; digestive enzymes and zymogens.
Isozymes, allosteric effects in enzyme- catalyzed reaction and reversibility of
enzyme action.
Enzyme activation ; enzyme inhibition, irreversible and reversible inhibition
( competitive, non-competitive and uncompetitive inhibition ).
Rate law for a simple enzyme- catalyzed reaction and Michaelis-Menten equation.
Lineweaver- Burke plot.
Theories about the specificity of enzyme action: Lock and key theory; induced-
fit theory.
Clinical application of measuring the enzyme activity.
V. VITAMINES:
Chemistry, sources, function and deficiency symptoms.
Water soluble vitamins: thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine,
biotin, folic acid, cyanocopalamine, inositol, choline, and ascorbic acid.
Fat soluble vitamins: A, D, E and K.
V1. PRACTICAL :
Two practicals a week of two hours each for 12 week:
( 48 hours ):
Laboratory organization and reports of the laboratories:
General laboratory supply: Glassware; plasticware; volumetric equipments
(different types of pipettes).
Sampling : Specimen collection; types of samples; taking of blood sample;
Learn the students how to take blood sample from each others.
Preservative; anticoagulants; plasma and serum preparation.
Use of pH meter; measuring of pH for some fluids.
Titration of acids and bases : PKa determination; buffer solutions; titration
of weak acid with a strong base; titration curves of amino acids.
Paper chromatography.
Photometry : Photometer and spectrophotometer; Beer-Lambert's law; relation
between Absorbance and Transmittance.
Flame Photometry : The processes involved in flame photometry.
Absorption curve; calibration curve ( standard curve ).
Measurement of urine sugar and urine protein.
Blood glucose estimation: Fasting blood glucose; post prandial blood glucose
and glucose tolerance test.
Total serum protein estimation; serum albumin.
Serum cholesterol estimation.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND RELATED PROBLEMS
The nervous system controls, coordinates and integrates the functions of the different body systems, and so the central nervous system with the endocrine system, form the main regulatory systems of the body functions (see the previous unit). It also influence the life style of each individual. The view of modern neural science and hold by most neurobiologists is that all behavior is a refection of brain function. The action of the brain underlies not onlyrelatively simple behavior such as walking and smiling, but also elaborate functions such as feeling, learning thinking, and writing.
Almost all diseases manifests themselves through the nervous system, as symptoms such as pain, sensory, weakness, disturbed thinking can be a result of other organ or systems disorder. Many local, systemic and metabolic diseases can involve and disturb the integrity and function of the nervous system, e.g. head injuries, cardiovascular accidents and infections.
To understand all these problems and to be able to diagnose and manage them, the student should have basic ,sound knowledge of the normal structure. Function , pathophysiology, clinical aspect and control of various diseases of the nervous system especially the common one.
2-GENERAL OBJECTIVES:
The study of fundamental bases of this course is therefore essential for the doctor to be for better understanding and holistic approach to individual. The massive advances in knowledge of nervous system add more importance to the objective of this course. Neurological and psychological disturbances are frequent in the community and bring about heavy toll on the individual, family and community and hence the importance of the study of this course.
3-SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
By the end of this course the student should be able to:
3.1 Identify and describe in a dissected specimen the different structure of the central nervous system. These include the cerebral hemispheres, pons, midbrain cerebellum, medulla oblongata and the spinal cord
3.2 Discuss the important problems and their relationship to the different lesions of the above structures.
3.3 Given slides of different levels of various areas of the brain ,identify the major structure, describe them and state their functions.
3.4 Given slides of central nervous system(CNS) tissue , identify the tissue and describe it.
3.5 Discuss the constituents and circulation of the cerebro-spinal fluid .Name the possible sites of obstructions and discuss the clinical presentations in children and adults.
3.6 Identify and draw the circle of willis and discuss the blood supply to the brain and spinal cord.
3.7 Identify the cranial nerves in a dissected specimen and describe their origin, course and distribution and discuss the clinical importance of different lesions affecting them.
3.8 Discuss the development and developmental anomalies of the nervous system, face and branchial arches.
3.9 Draw a diagram of the reflex arc and describe the different structure involved in the transmission of sensory and motor impulses .Mention the clinical conditions which might result from abnormalities of this tract e,g. lower motor neurone lesion.
3.10 Draw and describe the neuro-muscular junction. describe the transmission of nerve impulses giving example of clinical conditions related to this phenomenon e.g. mythenia gravis and muscle relaxant
3.11 Given a cross section of spinal cord at different levels, identify the different tracts, trace them to their origins and distinations, discuss their functions and clinical conditions which would arise from intersection of different tracts e.g. lower and upper motor neurone lesions –brown sequard sydrome.
3.12 Draw and describe the light reflex, the normal visual field, the optic pathway and discuss the common clinical abnormalities related to these tracts and their clinical significance e. g. hemianopia, bitemporal hemianopia and nasal hemianopia.
3.13 Describe the mechanism and pathways of the following: pain, temperature, touch, pressure, speech, sleep, taste , hearing and smell.
3.14 Faced patient with neurological problem, take a good history ,conduct satisfactory physical examination, suggest differential diagnosis and discuss principle of management.
3.15 Discuss the common infections that can involve the nervous system, their aetiological agents, pathological processes, clinical picture, investigations and treatment and control e.g.
i- Bacterial-meningococcus
ii- Viral-poliomyelitis –encephalitis-viral meningitis and rabies
iii- Parasitic, e.g.cerebral malaria
iv- Fungal, e.g. crpetococcosis
3.16 Discuss the possible aetiological factors in a patient with hemiplegia or paraplegia and outline the management.
3.17 Discuss the differential diagnosis of chronic headache e.g. migraine,temporal arteritis and outline the management.
3.18 Evaluate a patient with peripheral neuropathy and discuss the possible cause
3.19 Discuss the pathophysiology of head,spinal cord and peripheral nerve injuries and outline the first aid and basic management.
3.20 Discuss the aetiology,pathophysiology,clinical picture and types of fits.
3.21 Discuss the primary tumours of the nervous system.
3.22 Discuss the major classification of psychiatic disorders.
4- Instructional methods:
5-RESOURCES:
5.1 Texts of :
- Textbooks of Anatomy
- Textbooks of Physiology
- Textbooks of Pathology
- Textbooks of Neurology
- Textbooks of Medicine
- Textbooks of Pediatrica and surgery.
- Textbooks of Histology
5.2 Learning materials:
- Audiovisuals
- Dissecting room
- Models
- Laboratories
- Hospital visit.
6-EVALUATION:
( Anatomy)
Subjects:
1- Anatomy of the spinal cord and its blood supply and main lesions.
2- Morphology and features of brain stem (midbrain – pons and medulla oblongata).
3- Arrangement of cranial nerve nuclei in brain stem.
4- Brain stem reticular formation: position and forms and its significance in relation to vital centers, arousal and control of tone and posture.
5- Cerebellum: morphology and connections – cerebellar peduncles – 4th ventricles.
6- Diencephalon: thalamus – thalamic nuclei and 3rd ventricle epithalamus – metathalamus, subthalamus & hypothalamus.
7- Fore brain: gross components – lobes – sulci and gyri- functional areas.
8- Basal ganglia, internal capsule and lateral ventricle.
9- Fiber connections of cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum and brain stem in motor control.
10-Blood supply of the cerebral hemispheres, basal nuclei and internal canpsule.
11-Anatomy of the limbic system .
12-Structure of the autonomic nervous system.
13-Development of the central nervous system:-
Development of the spinal cord. Development of the medulla oblongata. Development of the pons. Development of the cerebellum. Development of the midbrain. Development of the forebrain. Diencephalon. Telencephalon. Meninges. Cranial nerves. Congenital anomalies of the brain and the spinal cord. Development and derivatives of the neural crest.
( Physiology)
a) The neuronal synapses as regards:
- Their organization.
- Types: excitatory and inhibitory synapses ; also chemical and electrical synaptic transmission .
Nature of the post-synaptic change.
Temporal and spatial summation.
Role of the initial segment of post-synaptic axons .
Neurotransmitters at synaptic junctions .
Presynaptic inhibition.
Properties of synaptic transmission.
Neuronal arrangements within the CNS and organization of neurons in the neuronal pools .
b) Receptors as regards:
Their specificity .
Mechanism of stimulation.
Relationship between amplitude of receptor potential to nerve impulse rate .
Adaptation.
Coding of sensory information.
Somatic sensations as regards:
Types and classification.
Localization and discrimination.
Pathways .
Functions of sensory areas of the cerebral cortex .
Pain sensation ( types of pain , reactions to pain , referred pain , gating theory for control of the reaction to pain ) .
Experimental preparations for studying cord reflexes :
d) Monosynaptic cord reflexes ( stretch reflex ):
Afferent and efferent innervation of the muscle spindle .
Static and dynamic stretch reflex .
Functions of the stretch reflex .
Supraspinal brain areas for control of the gamma efferent system.
Tendon jerks.
Polysynaptic cord reflexes and properties of the flexor reflex.
( Physiology)
e) Spinal cord lesions:
Facilitatory and inhibitory reticular formation.
f) Vestibular apparatus and maintenance of equilibrium :
Mode of action of semicircular canals .
Effects of stimulation of semicircular canals .
g) Postural reflexes :
Spinal postural reflexes – Modularly postural reflexes.
Mid-brain postural (lightening) reflexes.
Cortical postural reflexes.
h) Basal ganglia and functionally related nuclei:
Functions.
Diseases ( chorea, athetosis , hemiballismus and Parkinson ’s disease ).
i) Cortical and cerebellar control of motor functions:
Motor areas of the cerebral cortex.
Pyramidal and extra-pyramidal systems.
Upper and lower motor neuron lesions.
Functions of the cerebellum in voluntary movements, muscle tone and equilibrium.
Cerebellar syndrome.
j) Reticular activating system, mechanism of sleep m its types and electroencephalogram.
Thalamic nuclei and their functions.
- functions of the hypothalamus.
- Functions of the limbic system .
- Higher functions of the cerebral cortex (speech, memory, conditioned reflexes).
Practical:
Clinical examination of sensory and motor functions of the central nervous system .
(Histology)
The general structure of the nervous system. The structure of the protective coverings (meninge) and the chorid plexus.
Difinition of a tract, nucleus, relay and a fasciculus. The structure of the different segements of the spinal cord. The naming of the different classes of tracts (ascending, descending and intersegmental). The structure of gracil, cuneate, lateral and and ventral spinothalmic, dorsal and ventral spino. Cerebellartracts as examples of ascending tracts. Naming the different classes of descending tracts (pyramidal and extra- pyramidal). Differentiation between the two types of pyramidal tracts (cortico-spinal and cortico-bulbar). The different types of extrapyramidal tracts(rubro-spinal, lateral and medial reticulo- spinal, lateral and medial vestibulo-spinal). The cerebrum as regards: basic structure, cerebral cortex, white matter, basal ganglia. The structure of medulla, pons and midbrain. The structure of the cerebellum.
One) Autonomic Nervous System:
Ganglion: Difinition, main types, general microstructure. Comparison of the microstructure of spinal and a sympathetic ganglia.
The microstructure of peripheral nerve.
(Biochemistry)
V. CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM:
The brain: General description.
Chemical composition of the brain:
Protein and amino acids metabolism in the brain:
Formation of ammonia through:
Gama amino butyric acid cycle.
Principle transmitters and amino acids importance in the formation of transmitters.
Cholesterol metabolism in the brain: Oxidation of fatty acid in the brain; importance of α oxidation of fatty acids; Refsum’s syndrome.
Carbohydrate metabolism in the brain: Importance of glucose for brain as a main source of energy needs; energy needs as ATP in the brain; galactosemia.
(Pathology)
Cerebral edema (vasogenic, cytotoxic, hydrocephalic).
- Strock major and minor TIAs .
- Ischemic and hemorrhagic strocks. (Aetiology, morphology, complications).
- Fractures, brain concussion, contusion and lacerations.
- Extradural and subdural hemorrhages.
- Bacterial meningitis ( Acute).
- TB meningitis, Tuberruloma, miliary TB.
- Neurosyphilis (meningovscular and parynchymotus).
- Brain abscess .
- Viral encephalitis (with special concern to HSV, rabies and poliomyelitis).
- H.I.V infection, subacute sclerosing encephalitis.
- Prion disease.
- Cerrbral malaria.
- Reaction of peripheral nerves to injury. (Axonal degeneration, segmental demyelination) Wallerian degoneration.
- Mechanical injury to peripheral nerve.(neurapraxia, axonotemesis and neurotemesis).
- Peripheral neuropothy (types, classification, with special concern to diabetic neuropathy and Guillian Barré syndrome).
- Nerve sheath tumors (schwanoma, Neurofibroma , with attention to neurofibromatisis type I and II).
1- Meningitis and meningism :-
a)- Viral meningitis :
Poliomyelitis
Herpes simplex type-2 meningitis.
b)-Bacterial meningitis :-
Meningococcal meningitis
Haemophilus influenzae meningitis
Pneumococcal meningitis
Listerial meningitis
2- Encephatitis and meningoencephalitis:-
Hepres simplex encephalitis
Arbo virus encephalitis
Rabies
Neuroborreliosis
Spongiform encephalitis.
3- Cerbral and intracranial abscesses.
(Pharmacology)
Significant Topics:
1- Introduction
2- CNS Stimulants
Respiratory stimulants ( Analeptics)
Psychomotor stimulants
Psychotomimetics
3- Analgesics
Opiates ( Narcotic) analgesics
Non- opiate
4- Psychopharmacological drugs
( Psychotropic drugs )
Minor tranquilizers (Anti anxiety)
Major tranquilizers (Anti psychotics )
Mood-elevating drugs (Anti depressants)
5- Skeletal muscle Relaxants . ( Musculoskeletal system)
Centrally acting muscle relaxants .
Peripheral acting muscle relaxants.
6- Antiepileptic & Anticonvulsant drugs.
7- Antiparkinsonian drugs.
8- Anaesthetic Agents ( General anesthesia)
I.V anesthetics
Inhalation Anesthetics
Anesthetic Adjuvants
9- Local anesthetics . (Locally acting drugs )
(Pharmacology)
Vitamins
Significant Topics:
1- Vitamin B- complex
2- Vitamin C (Blood)
3- Flavonoids ( Blood)
4- Vitamin A (Skin & eye Special Senses )
5- Vitamin (genital System)
6- Vitamin K ( Blood)
5th Year
A. Rationale
Anaesthesia is an integral part of most patient surgical experiences . Physicians involved with surgical patients must have a basic understanding of the perioperative management of such patients.
Most doctors, however, in their hospital life and indeed out with hospital, will at some time work in co-operation with members of the anaesthetic department staff. Surgeons, obstetricians and dentists, of course are in daily contact with ancesthetists, physicians are meeting with them in the treatment of various chest diseases, and other specialists also co-operate with them. Also in the daily hospital activities ,the resident finds himself dealing with patients need special care , particularly those with respiratory or cardiovascular emergencies, both medical and surgical . This is a field of work where it is essential that every one in the medical profession should know what is expected of him and what can be done to help severely disabled patient.
B. General Objectives :
The clerkship in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care gives the student the opportunity to see and apply his or her knowledge of basic physiology (especially respiratory, cardiovascular and neurological) and the use of major drugs studied in earlier phases.
As well as seeing the various techniques used in Anaesthesia and Resuscitation. The student will learn to manage the unconscious patient and develop an ability to perform basic lifesaving skills in a controlled setting. The student will practice skills (e.g. Endotracheal intubation. IV’s ect) useful during the management of life-threatening emergencies. Particularly of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Management of mechanical ventilation of the lungs will be included.
C. Specific Objectives :
During this course the students should attained the following skills or knowledge :
- positioning and use of Guedel airways and laryngeal masks .
- use of laryngoscope.
- Ventilation with bag and mask.
- Orotracheal intubation – in an adult/in a child.
- barbiturates , narcotics , sedatives, muscle relaxants, inhalational acents, local anesthetics, vasopressor, and other agents affecting the cardiac and respiratory systems.
- autonomic nervous system, respiration, cardiovascular system.
- identifying and avoiding hazards in the operating room .
- maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance
- controlling blood replacement
- prevention or treatment of aspiration pneumontis
- Demonstrating sufficient knowledge of the specialty to be able to adequately assess and counsel a patient.
- Demonstrating sufficient knowledge and performance skills in procedures of common use of local anesthesia and the sedation and analgesia use .
- Demonstrating sufficient knowledge and skills necessary in the resuscitation and care of the unconscious patient
- Acquire basic technical skills:
- Understand the rationale for adequately controlling pain
- Understand the rationale for different pain management modalities PCA, local blocks, neuraxial agents.
- Understand the rationale for post-operative monitoring in an intensive care versus a ward setting.
- recognize and explain their limitation and uses
- administer them in appropriate dosages.
- discuss infiltration and nerve blocks in terms of dosage and toxicity.
- discuss the prophylactic use of local aneasthetics in cardiac arrhythmias
- airway management
- external cardiac massage
- administration of drugs
- venous cannulation.
D. Methods Instructional :
a) Didactic Teaching – students are expected to attend all relevant teaching lectures, seminars and rounds held by the Anesthesia Department .
b) Technical demonstrations of the use of the laryngoscope and orotracheal intubation, Guedel airways, and positioning of patients. Students will be observed and assisted in the performance of these tasks. The mechanical aspects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation will be demonstrated when the situation arises.
c) One-to-One Instruction – Each student will be assigned to a consultant on staff at the teaching General Hospital, or Assaid Hospital.
d) Self-Instruction – Under the guidance of the consultant, and with direction from stated learning objectives, students themselves will be responsible for learning.
e) Clinical experience will be obtained in the supervised administration of drugs.
E. Clinical Duties of the Clerk :
The student should not discuss anaesthetic techniques or procedures (eg. regional vs general . lines , etc)with the patient until the patient has been reviewed with the consultant.
Guideline for Case Reports :
O.R. Cases
- reason for administration / omission
- action of drug(s) used
- machine check
- monitors
- drugs used – reason for each drug
- technique – reason for each technique
- method
- indications for extubation
- airway care
- patient transport
- method
- discharge criteria
Final evaluation will be based upon:
- problem solving and clinical ability
- technical skills
- professional attitudes and team relationships.
G. Recomanded References
Anaesthesia &ICU
- preoperative evaluation (assessment); history and physical examination hypothermia, risk assessment and special investigations .
- managing of airways : Intubation process and mechanical ventilion , premedicationant, patient positioning .
- Agents of anaesthesia : intravenous, inhalation and neuromuocular blockar and others
- Anaesthetic machines and monitors .
- Adminestration of general anaesthesia .
- Adminestration of regional anaesthesia :Spinal, Epidoral and candal anaesthesia.
- Adminestration of local aneasthesia
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: cardia massage, defibrillation, mechanical breating, cardiopulmonary monitoring .
- Oxygen therapy, acido-base management, indications of calcium chloride , catecholumines, lidocaine, sodium bicarbonete, Atropine and others in cardiac arrest.
- Consideration for admission to ICU, ICU S equipment and safety procantion
المقررات الدراسية - قسم اللغة العربية - المستوى الرابع - كلية الآداب
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المستوى الرابع |
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1 2 3 4 5 6 |
الأدب العربي الحديث ( الشعر ) الأدب المقارن نحو و تطبيق (5) الأدب الشعبي علم الدلالة النقد الأدبي الحديث |
3 3 3 3 3 3 |
1 2 3 4 5 6 |
الأدب العربي الحديث ( النثر ) الأدب العربي المعاصر في اليمن نصوص من الشعر العربي الحديث الأسلوبية المدارس النحوية قاعة بحث وموضوع تخرج |
3 3 3 3 3 3 |
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المجموع |
18 |
المجموع |
18 |
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- عدد المقترحات 48 مقررا
- عدد الساعات144 ساعة
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المستوى الدراسي الرابع .
الفصل الأول
الأدب العربي الحديث (الشعر)
الهدف : الوقوف على العوامل المؤثرة في الشعر العربي الحديث ، الصراع بين المحافظة والتجديد ، وأسباب هذا الصراع وتذوق التجارب الشعرية الجديدة ومعرفة قيمتها الفنية والاجتماعية ودلاتها النفسية .
المفردات :
1- الاتجاهات القومية والاجتماعية والفكرية وأثرها في حركة الشعر العربي الحديث
2- تنوع اتجاهات الشعر الحديث وخصائص كل منها
3- تطور الشعر الحديث شكلا ومضمونا وعوامل هذا التطور وخصائص كل طور وأعلامه
4- حركة الشعر الحر وفلسفتها واتجاهاتها ، وخصائصها
5- قصيدة النثر ، وتنوع تجارب الشعر العربي المعاصر
مع ملاحظة التركيز على استنباط الأحكام من خلال النصوص وتذوقها .
الأدب المقارن
الهدف : التعريف بالأدب المقارن ونشأته وتطوره مع مقارنه تطبيقية
المفردات : تعريفه ونشأته وتطوره – العلاقة بينه وبين تاريخ الأدب والنقد الأدبي ونظرية الأدب – مداري الأدب المقارن – تأثر أدباء الغرب بالثقافة العربية الإسلامية – تأثر الأدباء العرب المحدثين بالحضارة الغربية المعاصرة – مقارنة تطبيقية بين الأعمال الأدبية العربية ونظائرها الأجنبية " حي بن يقظان مع روبنسون كروز – الحرب والسلام مع ثلاثية نجيب محفوظ ، مسرحية " علبه الدوغري" لنعمان عاشور مع مسرحية بستان الكرز " لتشيخوف " ، القصيدة الشعرية عند ـ.س. اليوت مع القصيدة عند السياب ...الخ .
نحو وتطبيق (5)
الهدف : يهدف هذا المقرر إلى دراسة إعراب الأفعال وما يدخل عليها من أدوات تنصبها أو تجزمها مقترنة بمجموعة من الأساليب التي تدرس بضمن هذا المقرر وهي مدرجة بعنواناتها في أدناه :
المفردات :
1- إعراب الفعل وأحكامه
2- الأساليب :
- أسلوب التعجب
- أسلوب المدح والذم
- أسلوب النداء والاستغاثة والندبة
- أسلوب الاختصاص
- أسلوب الشرط
- أسلوب القسم
الأدب الشعبي
الهدف : تعريف الطالب ألوانا من الإبداع الشعبي وقيمة الفنية والاجتماعية وصلته بالفصحى
المفردات :
1- نشأة الفن في الغرب وارتباطه بالأنثروبولوجيا ، ثم انفصاله عنها .
2- أشهر مدارس هذا العلم في الغرب وعند العرب
3- عدة الباحث في هذا العلم وطرق البحث
4- أشكال القصص الشعبي (أساطير – حكايات شعبية – خرافات – حكاية الحيوان – حكايات خرافية – حكايات واقعية – نكت – حكايات مرحة )
5- التحليل النفسي ، التحليل الاجتماعي ، التحليل البنيوي للأدب الشعبي
6- المثال الشعبية، وطرق جمعها ودراستها ، وأشهر مصادرها في ألدب الفصيح أو الشعبي .
علم الدلالة :
الهدف
- أن يعرف الطالب أسس علم الدلالة الحديث
- أن يلم بأهم نظريات الدلالة
- أن يعرف أهم مناهج البحث الدلالي الحديث .
المفردات :
- علم المعنى واشترك التخصصات المختلفة في دراسته ، تحليل الحدث الكلامي صوتيا وصرفيا ونحويا ومعجميا
- الوحدة الدلالية وأنواعها (كلمة ، أصغر من كلمة ، أكب رمن كلمة ، صوت )
- الوحدات المركبة – أنواع المعنى : الأساسي ، التضمني ، الأسلوبي ، النفسي الإيحائي .
- قياس المعنى : للكلمات المتضادة ، للتمايزات الفردية ، لردود الأفعال ، لمعاني الأحداث والصفات .
- النظرية الإشارة والاعتراض فيها – النظرية التصورية – النظرية السلوكية – نظرية المهم – نظرية السياق – نظرية التلازم
- الحقول الدلالية : مفهومها ، هدفها ، صعوباتها
- العلاقات داخل الحقل الدلالي (ترادف واستمال وتضاد وتنافر )- تحليل المعنى إلى عناصر تكوينية .
النقد الأدبي الحديث :
الهدف : لوقوف على الحركة النقدية في العصر الحديث : (مقوماتها ومدارسها ، والعوامل المؤثرة فيها ).
المفردات : النقد والدراسة النقدية – المنهج النقدي ووظفته وعناصره – الصورة الشعرية معيارا نقديا – أهم المناهج النقدية الحديثة : ( الكلاسيكي والتأثري ، والنفسي ، والتاريخي والاجتماعي ، والبنيوي ) – جهود النقاد العرب المحدثين وتأثرهم بالمناهج النقدية المعاصرة .
الفصل الثاني
الأدب العربي الحديث (النثر)
الهدف : التعريف بتطوير حركة النثر في العصر الحديث
المفردات :
1) إلمامه بتطور الأساليب في العصر الحديث
2) نشأة القصة والرواية – عناصر القصة والرواية : السرد ، الزمان والمكان والشخصية والحدث والحبكة والبناء والوصف – دراسة نماذج تطبيقية من الروايات العربية .
3) فن المسرحية في الأدب العربية الحديث من حيث النشأة والتطور والبناء الفني .
الأدب العربي المعاصر في اليمن :
الهدف : معرفة العوامل المؤثرة في الأدب اليمني المعاصر ، وأهم خصائص ، وأشهر أعلامه ، وصلته بالدب العربي عامة ، وإبراز وحدة المشاعر والوجدان العربي .
المفردات :
1) مكونات الأدب المعاصر في اليمن ، وتطوره الفني والتاريخي وتتبع الحركة الأدبية في اليمن بمذاهبها الفنية المتعددة .
2) التركيز على الإضافات اليمنية في مجال الأدب الروائي والمسرحي والشعري
3) دراسة أهم أعلام الأدب المعاصر في اليمن ، الربط بين الأدب اليمني والتيارات الأدبية المماثلة في العالم العربي بوجه عام مع التركيز على النصوص اليمنية وتحليلها وتذوقها واستنباط الخصائص والسمات الفنية من خلالها.
نصوص من الشعر العربي الحديث
الهدف : دراسة نصوص شعرية تعود إلى العصر الحديث دراسة نصية تذوقية
المفردات : (متحركة ) نصوص شعرية حديثة يختارها أستاذ المقرر بالتنسيق مع رئيس القسم
الأسلوبية
الهدف : معرفة اتجاهات الأسلوبية وأنساقها ومفاهيمها
المفردات : اتجاهات الدراسة الأسلوبية ( الاتجاه البنائي : التراكم الأسلوبية نظرية وتطبيقا ، والاتجاه السياقي ، الاتجاه الإحصائي : التردد الأسلوبي ، النظرية والتطبيق ) – الأنساق الأسلوبي : النسق الحرفي ، والنسق الصرفي ، والنسق الاستعاري ، والنسق الشجري والنسق التكاملي ) – مفاهيم لغوية تراثية في ضوء الأسلوبية ( الاستفهام والنفي والنهي والشرط ، والأساليب الانفعالية : التعجب والندبة والاستغاثة ).
الهدف : مفردات جهود علماء العربية في رصد الظاهرة اللغوية ، واتجاهات الدرس النحوي .
1- نشأة علم النحو وتطوره
2- الاتجاهات والمذاهب النحوية كالبصرية والكوفية والمصرية وما تفرع من مذاهب .
3- دراسة بعض الأبواب النحوية التي يبدو فيها الاختلاف في الرؤية والتحليل من كتاب اب الانباري " الإنصاف في مسائل الخلاف "
الهدف : أن يعد الطالب بحثا في مقرر معين يكون مسوغا لتخرجه في القسم
المدارس النحوية
المفردات :
قاعة بحث وموضوع التخرج :
المفردات : تختلف بحسب المقرر المراد البحث فيه على أن يشتمل البحث على الشروط الواجبة في كتابة البحوث من حيث الرجوع إلى المصادر والمراجع والاستنتاجات والحكم الصائب وترتيب مصادر الدرس .. الخ مع مناقشة بحوث الطلاب من قبل أستاذ المقرر مناقشة مستفيضة تكشف عن إيجابيات البحث وسلبياته .
المقررات الدراسية - قسم اللغة العربية - المستوى الثالث - كلية الآداب
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المستوى الثالث |
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1 2 3 4 5 6 |
اللسانيات لغة النقوش اليمنية (1) نحو وتطبيق (4) الأدب العباسي نظرية الأدب مصطلحات ونصوص باللغة الإنجليزية |
3 3 3 3 3 3 |
1 2 3 4 5 6 |
أدب الدول المتتابعة لغة النقوش اليمينية (2) فقه اللغة العربية الأدب الأندلسي صرف وتطبيق (2) نصوص من الشعر القديم |
3 3 3 3 3 3 |
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المجموع |
18 |
المجموع |
18 |
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المستوى الدراسي الثالث .
الفصل الأول
اللسانيات :
الهدف : التعريف بعلم اللغة الحديث وبفروعه وبمناهج البحث اللغوي وبقوانين التطور اللغوي
المفردات : موضوع علم اللغة – فروع علم اللغة – تاريخ الدراسات اللغوية الحديثة تقسيم (اللغات إلى فصائل – نشأة اللغة – مناهج البحث اللغوي – علم الأصوات اللغوية – بناء الكلمة- الوحدات الصرفية والمقاطع) التطوير اللغوي ( مظاهره وعلله وقوانينه )
لغة النقوش اليمنية (1)
الهدف : بيان الصلة بين لغة النقوش والفصحى ، وتزويد الطالب بقدر من القواعد للقراءة .
المفردات : تاريخ اكتشاف النقوش – لغة النقوش والفصحى – التقسيم اللغوي للنقوش وموضوعاتها قواعد النقوش السبئية نقوش مختارة من السبئية للقراءة والتحليل والمقارنة بالفصحى .
نحو وتطبيق (4) :
الهدف: يهدف هذا المقرر إلى دراسة بعض الوظائف النحوية الممثلة في الحال والتميز والعدد وأحكامه مع دراسة ظاهرة الممنوعات من التنوين ودراسة أسماء الأفعال والأصوات .
المفردات :
1- الحال وأحكامها وأقسامها
2- التمييز ونوعاه
3- أعمال المشتقات
4- المنوع من التنوين
5- العدد وأحكامه
6- أسماء الأفعال والأصوات
الأدب العباسي
الهدف : التعريف بالشعر وأعلامه واتجاهاته في عصور الدولة العباسية
المفردات: الاتجاهات الموضوعية للشعر : الاتجاه الذاتي ( المديح والهجاء والرثاء والغزل) الاتجاه السياسي( الحركات الداخلية ، والصراع) العباسي العلوي والحروب الخارجية ) – الاتجاه الاجتماعي ( الزهد وشعر الشعوبية والزندقة وشعر اللهو والعبث ) – الاتجاه الشعبي ( شعر الشكوى والكدية والهزل ) – الاتجاه الفكري ( شعر التصوف والفلسفة والشعر التعليمي)الصنعة الشعرية : لغة الشعر وأسلوبه والمعاني والأفكار والصور .
نظرية الأدب :
الهدف : معرفة المبادئ الأساسية للنظرية الأدبية ، وفهم مقوماتها .
المفردات : طبيعة الأدب ووظيفته ومفهوم – لأدب والدراسة الأدبية – العلاقة بين الأدب والنقد وتاريخ الأدب – العلاقة بين النظرية الأدبية والمذاهب الأدبية والمناهج النقدية – النظريات الأدبية : نظرية المحاكاة ، ونظرية التعبير ونظرية الخلق الفني ونظرية الانعكاس .
مصطلحات ونصوص باللغة الإنجليزية .
الهدف : الإلمام بأهم المصطلحات الأدبية واللغوية
وتحليل بعض النصوص الإنجليزية في اللغة والأدب
ومعرفة تركيب هذه اللغة وخصائصها اللغوية والأدبية
المفردات : انظر ملف المقرر في القسم
الفصل الثاني
أدب الدولة المتتابعة
الهدف : دراسة الأدب شعرا ونثراً منذ سقوط الدولة العباسية حتى العصر الحديث .
المفردات : التسمية وتحديد العصر – موضوعات الشعر : المديح ولاسيما المدائح النبوية والهجاء والرثاء وخاصة رثاء المدن المنكوبة والأقاليم الضائعة ورثاء الحيوان والوصف وشعر الحر وبضد الصليبيين والمغول والشعر الاجتماعي في الشكوى وفي الألغاز وفي المناسبات ، والشعر الاخواني - خصائص الشعر العامة : الصنعة الفنية واللغة والمعانية الصور وأساليب العرض والحوار وخيال الظل – أنواع النثر: الخطابة والرسائل والوصايا والعظات والمناظرات والمفاخرات والمقامات .
لغة النقوش اليمنية (2)
الهدف : استكمال دراسة القواعد ، والتعريف بالنقوش غير السبئية وقراءة مختارات من النقوش مع التحليل والمقارنة بالفصحى .
المفردات : استكمل القواعد النقوش السبئية – قواعد النقوش غير السبئية – نقوش مختارة للقراءة والتحليل والمقارنة بالفصحى .
فقه اللغة العربية
الهدف : التعريف بالفصحى من حيث نشأتها وخصائصها ، ودراسة اهم المسائل اللغوية .
المفردات: العربية والفصلية السامية – نقوش العربية المبكرة – تكون الفصحى وأهم سماتها – الاحتجاج ومصادر اللغة – الفصحى والظواهر اللهجية – جمع اللغة وتدوينها الاشتقاق – الأصوات في اللغة العربية : مخارجها وصفاتها – الإعراب – الدخيل والمعرب والمولد والفصحى ومشكلاتها في العصر الحديث – الخط العربي : أصله وتطوره .
الأدب الأندلسي
الهدف : معرفة المقومات الثقافية التي شكلت الأدب والحضارة في الأندلس ودراسة هذا الأدب شعر ونثرا مع التعريف بأعلامه واتجاهاته
المفردات : الدور الثقافي للأندلس – مصادر دراسة الأدب والحضارة في الأندلس – الشعر الأندلس : نشأته وتطوره وموضوعاته وصلته بالشعر في المشرق العربي – مختارات لأعلام الشعراء – الموشحات والأزجال – النثر الأندلس : أنماطه و اتجاهاته وخصائصه ومختارات من الرسائل والمقامات .
صرف وتطبيق (2)
الهدف : يهدف هذا المقرر إلى دراسة بنية الاسم في العربية وصور الاشتقاق التي تتعاقب عليه وأوزانه وتحولاته إلى صيغ التثنية والجمع والتكسير والنسب وتحوها ومن معرفة أحكام التأنيث والقصر والمد والهمز ونحوها.
المفردات :
1- أبنية الاسم الثلاثي والرباعي والخماسي
2- أحوال الاسم من حيث الجمود والاشتقاق
3- المصادر وأبنيتها ودلالاتها
4- صيغ المشتقات : اسم الفاعل ، اسم المفعول ، صيغ المبالغة ، .....الخ
5- أحكام الاسم من حيث الصحة والاعتلال
6- أحكام الاسم من حيث التذكير والتأنيث
7- أحكام النسب
8- أحكام التصغير
9- أحكام الإدغام
10- نصوص من الشعر لقديم
الهدف : دراسة قصائد كاملة تمثل عصور الأدب القديم من العصر الجاهلي حتى العصر العباسي دراسة و تحليلية منهجية تمكن الطالب من اتسيعاب مقومات القصيدة ، وفهم قيمها الجمالية والموضوعية.
المفردات : يختار مدرس المادة ما يراه مناسبا لذلك بالتنسيق مع رئيس القسم